Windows versus Linux commands

表 1 列出了 Windows 和 Linux 命令的一些不同。

Table 1: Windows versus Linux commands

Command's Purpose	MS-DOS	Linux	Basic Linux Example
Lists files	dir	ls	ls
Displays the contents of a text file	type or more	cat or more or less	cat thisfile.txt
Copies files	copy or xcopy	cp	cp thisfile.txt /home/thisdirectory
Renames a file	ren	mv	mv thisfile.txt thatfile.txt
Moves files	move	mv	mv thisfile.txt /home/thisdirectory
Deletes files	del or erase	rm	rm thisfile.txt
Creates link	mklink	ln	ln -s thisfile.txt thatfile.txt
Displays the location of files	where	locate or which	locate myfile.txt
Compares the contents of files	fc	diff	diff file1 file2
Finds a string of text in a file	find or findstr	grep	grep word or phrase thisfile.txt
Sort input	sort	sort	sort thisfile.txt
Displays your location in file system	cd or chdir	pwd	pwd
Changes directories	cd pathname	cd pathname	cd /path/to/directory
Creates a directory	mkdir or md	mkdir	mkdir directory
Displays a directory structure	tree	find	find .
Sets file permissions	attrib	chmod or chown	chmod u+x myscript.sh
Displays a environment variable	set var or echo %var%	echo $var	echo $var
Sets environment variable	set var=xxx	export var=xxx	export var=xxx
Lists environment variables	set	env	env
Displays PATH	path or set path	echo $PATH	echo $PATH
Displays running tasks	tasklist	ps -ef	ps
Kills a running process	taskkill	kill	kill pid
Defines aliases	doskey (doskey ls=dir /B $*)	alias	alias ll='ls -l'
Changes the command prompt text	prompt	export PS1=xx	export PS1="\u@\h \w> "
Clears screen	cls	clear	clear
Closes shell prompt	exit	exit	exit
Displays or sets date or time	date or time	date	date
Displays OS version	ver	uname -a	uname -a
Displays command help	command /?	man or info	man command

参考：
Windows Command-Line Reference
A Comparison of Common DOS and Linux Commands
Windows DOS vs. Unix commands